CVE-2026-45944

High

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry When tearing down a context entry, the current implementation zeros the entire 128-bit entry using multiple 64-bit writes. This creates a window where the hardware can fetch a "torn" entry — where some fields are already zeroed while the 'Present' bit is still set — leading to unpredictable behavior or spurious faults. While x86 provides strong write ordering, the compiler may reorder writes to the two 64-bit halves of the context entry. Even without compiler reordering, the hardware fetch is not guaranteed to be atomic with respect to multiple CPU writes. Align with the "Guidance to Software for Invalidations" in the VT-d spec (Section 6.5.3.3) by implementing the recommended ownership handshake: 1. Clear only the 'Present' (P) bit of the context entry first to signal the transition of ownership from hardware to software. 2. Use dma_wmb() to ensure the cleared bit is visible to the IOMMU. 3. Perform the required cache and context-cache invalidation to ensure hardware no longer has cached references to the entry. 4. Fully zero out the entry only after the invalidation is complete. Also, add a dma_wmb() to context_set_present() to ensure the entry is fully initialized before the 'Present' bit becomes visible.

Package Linux Kernel
Published 2026-05-27
Last modified 2026-05-30
CVSS version 3.1
Patch available
Yes

CVSS 3.1 score

7.5

out of 10
High
Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Vector string
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected versions

Linux kernel versions 2.6.24 and later are affected. Fixed in 6.18.14, 6.19.4, 7.0 and their respective stable series.

Affected from
≥ 2.6.24
Fixed in
✓ 6.18.14 6.18.x ✓ 6.19.4 6.19.x ✓ 7.0

References

The following references provide additional information about CVE-2026-45944 including vendor advisories, patch commits, exploit details, and third-party analysis. Links are sourced from the NIST NVD database.

Frequently asked questions

  • What is CVE-2026-45944?

    CVE-2026-45944 is a High severity Linux kernel vulnerability with a CVSS score of 7.5 out of 10 . It affects Linux kernel versions from 2.6.24 onward and has been patched in 6.18.14, 6.19.4 and 7.0. CVE-2026-45944 has not been confirmed as actively exploited and is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

  • What is the CVSS score for CVE-2026-45944?

    CVE-2026-45944 has a CVSS score of 7.5 out of 10, rated High severity (CVSS 3.1). The vector string is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H .

  • Is there a patch available for CVE-2026-45944?

    Yes — CVE-2026-45944 has been patched. Fixed versions include 6.18.14, 6.19.4 and 7.0. If you are running Linux kernel 2.6.24 or later up to the fix versions, apply the relevant patch for your kernel branch.

  • Is CVE-2026-45944 actively exploited?

    No — CVE-2026-45944 has not been confirmed as actively exploited. It is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog.